甲醛是什么很多人对这个问题比较感兴趣,下面让我们一起来看甲醛是什么,希望可以帮助到你。
甲醛是什么?
甲醛是一种有害气体。甲醛,无色有刺激性气体,化学式HCHO或CH₂O,分子量30.03,又称蚁醛。对人眼、鼻等有刺激作用。气体相对密度1.067(空气=1),液体密度0.815g/cm³(-20℃)。
熔点-92℃,沸点-19.5℃。易溶于水和乙醇。水溶液的浓度最高可达55%,一般是35%-40%,通常为37%,称做甲醛水,俗称福尔马林(formalin)。
具有还原性,尤其在碱性溶液中,还原能力更强。能燃烧,蒸气与空气形成爆炸性混合物,爆炸极限7%-73%(体积),燃点约300℃。
利用干燥器法测定甲醛释放量基于下面两个步骤:
第一步:收集甲醛: 在干燥器底部放置盛有蒸馏水的结晶皿 ,在其上方固定的金属支架上放置试件,释放出的甲醛被蒸馏水吸收,作为试样溶液。
第二步: 测定甲醛浓度:用分光光度计测定试样溶液的吸光度,由预先绘制的标准曲线求得甲醛的浓度。
在所有接触者中,儿童、老人和孕妇对甲醛尤为敏感,危害也就更大,是装修和家具的主要污染物。其释放期长达2-10年,遇热遇潮 就会从材料深层挥发出来,严重污染环境,已成为难以解决的世界性难题,对老人、小孩和孕妇危害最大。
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HCHO???涔??╄川
?查?????绉????层????寮虹?? *** ?ф??崇??姘?浣???
??婧朵?姘淬???????????查???ㄥ父娓╀??????锛???甯镐互姘存憾娑插舰寮??虹?般??
35~40%???查??姘存憾娑插????绂?灏?椹??????查????瀛?涓??????虹??缂╄????搴?锛???互寰??伴????????锛??垫?????
涓?????绉帮??查??锛?ji? qu谩n锛? 涓???????锛?绂?灏?椹??????查??姘淬??????婧舵恫 ?辨??????锛?Formalin,Formol ??涓?????绉帮??查??锛?ji? qu谩n锛? ??妫?妯″??涓???????锛?绂?灏?椹??????查??姘淬??????婧舵恫?辨??????锛?Formalin,Formol ,Meth *** solution ,Oxymethylene solution ,Methyl aldehyde solution??瀛﹀?锛?CH₂O??
缁???绠?寮?锛?HCHO??瀛?绌洪?存????锛?骞抽???瑙????稿???瀛?璐ㄩ??锛?30.03 ?查??-姣?渚?妯″?????锛?120掳CAS:50-00-0EINECS?凤?200-001-8InChI:InChI=1/CH₂O/c1-2/h1H2?芥??缂??凤?83012UN缂??凤?1198????娑蹭??遍?╄揣?╃??凤?83012绠″?朵俊???璇ュ??涓???绠″???╁???ц川缂?杈????叉按婧舵恫??姘?浣????? *** ?ф??炽??
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?ㄧ┖姘?涓??界??㈡哀?????查?搞??pH?硷?2.8~4.0?稿?瀵?搴︼?d2525锛?:1.081~1.085g/mL???癸?-118??娌哥?癸?-19.5????????锛?n20D锛?:1.3746???癸?60??涓寸??娓╁害锛?137.2??涓寸??????锛?6.81MPa???告????锛?7-73 V%3姣??х?杈?姣?瀹充??ㄧ?查????涓昏??卞?琛ㄧ?颁负瀵圭???ょ????? *** 浣??ㄣ??
?查???ㄥ???杈惧?颁?瀹?娴?搴︽?讹?浜哄氨??涓?????锛?澶т?0.08m³???查??娴?搴﹀???璧风?肩孩???肩?????藉??涓??????肩????澹伴?冲?跺?????峰?????搁?枫??姘?????????绛????拌?淇????块?寸?查??????杈?楂?锛????澶??剧????涓昏?璇卞????
LD50:800mg/kg锛?澶ч?缁??o?锛?2700mg/kg锛???缁?????? LC50:590mg/m³锛?澶ч??稿?ワ???
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浣???杈?澶х??涓??宸???э???浜哄??揪2.66mg/m³???挎????浣?娴?搴︽?ヨЕ?查??浼?寮?璧峰ご????澶存????涔???????瑙???纰???????????浣?锛?骞跺???虹?扮???°??璁板?????????绁?缁?琛板急??绮剧?????锛??㈡?т腑姣?瀵瑰?煎?哥郴缁????卞?涔???法澶х??锛??挎???ヨЕ?查????????煎?稿???介??纰?????涓???х????锛?琛ㄧ?颁负??缁?????浼ゃ????杈?灏??藉?甯哥???
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涓?????跺??查??娴?搴﹀?ㄦ?绔??圭背绌烘?涓?揪??.06~0.07mg/m³?讹??跨?灏变?????杞诲井姘???锛?褰?瀹ゅ??绌烘?涓??查??杈惧??.1mg/m³?讹?灏辨??寮??冲??涓?????锛??查??杈惧??.5mg/m³?讹?? *** ?肩??锛?寮?璧锋?娉???查??杈惧??.6mg/m³锛????璧峰?藉??涓??????肩????娴?搴︽?撮??讹????璧锋?跺?????锛??冲?借?搁?凤?姘??????宠?烘按?匡??查??杈惧??0mg/m³?讹?浼?绔??宠?翠汉姝讳骸??
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涓????杩??芥?????拌??繁?煎?稿0?冲??绮???杞诲害?查??涓?????剁???︿?涓??蜂?琛ㄧ?颁负涓??充?搴︾??????姘磋?裤??
2. 涓?害涓???冲?戒?姝€?????般???搁?枫???煎?稿?伴?惧??骞叉箍?х?撮?i?炽???搁??X???惰?洪?ㄧ汗??瀹?璐ㄥ??锛?杞???涓烘?e????圭?跺????规?????堕?村奖锛??充负?诲?涓????哄?????绠¤?虹??锛?????姘磋?垮????充?绾с??
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??绌惰〃??锛?瑁?淇???瀹跺?蜂腑???????查??锛??堕???炬???胯揪3??15骞淬???查??瀵逛汉浣??ュ悍??褰卞??涓昏?琛ㄧ?板?ㄥ??瑙?寮?甯搞?? *** ??杩??????哄???藉?甯搞???????藉?甯稿?????????藉?甯哥??归?€??
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HCHO???涔?????
meth *** ??О锛?????锛?formaldehyde锛? 浜у?????? 绂?灏?椹??? ?辨????绉?ormaldehyde ?辨??????Formalin; Meth *** ??瀛﹀?锛?CH2O, HCHO 缁???绠?寮?锛?HCHO ??瀛???锛?30.03 CAS?诲??凤?50-00-0 EINECS?诲??凤?200-001-8 瀵?搴?.083 ??灏???1.3755-1.3775 ????0 ?? 姘存憾??oluble 娌哥??19.5 ?? ????118 ?? 涓?绉????诧???寮虹?? *** ?ф??崇??姘?浣???
??婧朵?姘淬???????????查???ㄥ父娓╀??????锛???甯镐互姘存憾娑插舰寮??虹?般??
??婧朵?姘村??涔???锛?35~40%???查??姘存憾娑插????绂?灏?椹??????查????瀛?涓??????虹??缂╄????搴?锛?寰??伴????????锛??垫?????
?查?????绉???瑕??????哄????锛?涓昏??ㄤ?濉???宸ヤ?锛?濡??堕???????????查??濉??????电??锛???????绾ょ淮锛?濡?????缁村凹绾垛????涔?????缂╃?查??锛??????╁伐涓????昏????????绛???绂?灏?椹????锋?????????茶???藉??锛???蹈?剁???╂??????剁?婧舵恫锛?0.1??0.5%锛???涓?涓????ㄦ?ユ蹈绉?锛?缁?绉?瀛?娑?姣???
宸ヤ?涓?甯哥?ㄥ????姘у??娉??辩?查???跺???查?????查??????舵皑婧舵恫浜х???堕????搴?锛?浣胯?绠″??澹?涓?????涓???灞???浜????????灞??讹????????惰?杩???锛??查??琚?哀??锛?锛?涓??板?剁??姘㈡哀???????娑插??搴?????绾㈣?叉?娣?姘у??浜?????
?查??????绠???????锛???甯告??瀹?褰?涓洪ケ??涓?????锛?浣?瀹????稿?浜?浜????????ㄤ?寮辨哀????????搴?涓??姣??╁?HCHO??澶????????mol??Ag??2mol??姘у??浜???锛?杩??芥?????杩????藉????涓ゅ??锛????查??????浜???????
?查??????瀛﹀??搴?锛? 1.涓?Ag(NH3)2OH??搴?锛? HCHO + 2[Ag(NH3)2]+ +2OH- ---------锛??????------??HCOO- +NH4+ +2Ag??+ 3NH3 +H2O ?? HCHO + 4[Ag(NH3)2]+ +4OH- ---------锛??????-------??CO3 2- +2NH4+ +4Ag??+ 6NH3 +2H2O 娉????????NH3??涓洪??澶??锛???涓???姘?浣?绗﹀? 2.涓?Cu(OH)2??搴?锛? HCHO+4Cu(OH)2 --------锛??????------?? CO2??+2Cu2O??+5H2O 3.??????搴?锛? nHCHO--------?? -[---CH2??O--]n-- 璇存??锛?-[---CH2??O--]n--??汉??璞$????涓昏??????? ??瀛?缁???锛? C??瀛?浠?p2????杞ㄩ????????
??瀛?涓哄钩?㈠舰???у??瀛??? ?查?????ц川??瀵逛汉浣????卞????舵?ユ? ?查??淇?绉扮?灏?椹???锛??????层???锋??寮虹??姘??崇?? *** ?ф?浣?锛???5%~40%??姘存憾娑查??绉扮?灏?椹?????
?查??????娴?姣??╋??戒????借川缁???锛??稿?ラ?娴?搴︾?查????锛?浼??虹?板?煎?搁????涓ラ?? *** ??姘磋?裤???煎?虹????澶寸??锛?涔??????????绠″?????????ょ?存?ユ?ヨЕ?查??锛????璧风???????叉??????姝汇??
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浣??查?????绉?娴?搴﹁?浣???姘存憾娑诧?浠?缁?娴?瑙?搴﹁????涓?渚夸??胯?绂昏?杈?锛???浠ヤ????藉?ㄤ富娑?璐瑰??洪??杩?璁惧??锛?杩??哄?h锤??涔???灏????查???ゅ???存?ョ?ㄤ?娑?姣??????????茶????澶?锛?涓昏??ㄤ????哄????????????????娑?????姗¤?躲???????琛?涓?锛??惰???浜у??涓昏???澶????查???????查???????????????查????????姘ㄥ?烘??????涔?娲???浜у????澶?????绫荤???
浜洪???垮伐涓???杈撅?瀵圭?查??????姹?????澶с?? ?查?????ㄩ????甯稿箍娉?锛???????????琛ㄩ?㈡椿?у????濉?????姗¤?躲?????┿????绾搞?????????惰???????????х?歌?剁?????歌????寤虹?????浠ュ??娑?姣??????稿???茶??杩?绋?涓???瑕??ㄥ?扮?查??锛???互璇寸?查??????瀛﹀伐涓?涓???澶??㈡??锛?浣?浠讳?涓?瑗跨??浣跨?ㄩ?藉?椤绘??涓 *** 锛???涓?涓?????锛?涓??︿娇?ㄨ?瓒?浜??????? *** 锛?灏变?甯︽?ヤ??╃??涓??€??
???ユ??浜哄+浠?缁?锛?1?ㄧ?查??浠锋?煎??600??涓?涓?锛??查??婊ョ?ㄧ??涓昏??????ㄤ??朵?寤???浠锋?笺????骞翠互?ユ???界???查??浜ч??????骞撮??澧???瓒??匡?杩?涓????界汉缁?宸ヤ???寤烘??宸ヤ?????灞?????寸??锛?杩?璇存???ㄤ?????寰??夸?娈垫?堕?村???查??杩??????藉??宸ヨ?涓???瀹??裤??
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2锛???绾虹?涓? ??瑁??ㄦ?????寸????杩?绋?涓??借?娑????查????浣跨?ㄣ????瑁????㈡????浜э?涓轰?杈惧?伴?茬?便???茬缉???荤??绛?浣??????涓轰?淇????拌?便?????茬????涔??э???涓轰??瑰??????锛?灏遍???ㄥ?╁??涓?坊???查????
?????ㄧ?查???版???╁??姣?杈?澶?????函妫?绾虹???锛???涓虹函妫?绾虹???瀹规??璧风?憋?浣跨?ㄥ???查?????╁???芥??楂?妫?甯???纭??哄害???????查????绾虹???锛??ㄤ汉浠?┛????浣跨?ㄨ?绋?涓??浼???娓????烘父绂荤?查??锛???杩?浜轰??煎?搞??
?查?????涔?涓?瑗匡?
?查?? meth *** ??О锛?????锛?formaldehyde锛? ??瀛?寮?锛?CH2O 缁???绠?寮?锛?HCHO ??瀛???锛?30.03 CAS?诲??凤?50-00-0 EINECS?诲??凤?200-001-8 涓?绉????诧???寮虹?? *** ??姘??崇??姘?浣???
??婧朵?姘淬???????????查???ㄥ父娓╀??????锛???甯镐互姘存憾娑插舰寮??虹?般??
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?查??????瀛﹀??搴?锛? 1.涓?Ag(NH3)2OH??搴?锛? HCHO + 2[Ag(NH3)2]+ +2OH- ---------锛??????------??HCOO- +NH4+ +2Ag??+ 3NH3 +H2O ?? HCHO + 4[Ag(NH3)2]+ +4OH- ---------锛??????-------??CO3 2- +2NH4+ +4Ag??+ 6NH3 +2H2O 娉????????NH3??涓洪??澶??锛???涓???姘?浣?绗﹀? 2.涓?Cu(OH)2??搴?锛? HCHO+4Cu(OH)2 --------锛??????------?? CO2??+2Cu2O??+5H2O 3.??????搴?锛? nHCHO--------?? -[---CH2??O--]n-- 璇存??锛?-[---CH2??O--]n--??汉??璞$????涓昏??????? ??瀛?缁???锛? C??瀛?浠?p2????杞ㄩ????????
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什么是甲醛??
甲醛,又称蚁醛,是一种有机化合物,无色有刺激性气体,对人眼、鼻等有刺激作用,易溶于水和乙醇,具有还原性,尤其在碱性溶液中,还原能力更强。
2017年10月27日,世界卫生组织国际癌症研究机构公布的致癌物清单中,甲醛在1类致癌物列表中。2019年7月23日,甲醛被列入有毒有害水污染物名录(第一批)
除去家中装修以及户外尾气等,甲醛出现很多的地方是衣物等纺织品。
纺织产业服装的面料生产,为了达到防皱、防缩、阻燃等作用,或为了保持印花、染色的耐久性,或为了改善手感,就需在助剂中添加甲醛。用甲醛印染助剂比较多的是纯棉纺织品,因为纯棉纺织品容易起皱,使用含甲醛的助剂能提高棉布的硬挺度。
含有甲醛的纺织品,在人们穿着和使用过程中,会逐渐释放出游离甲醛,通过人体呼吸道及皮肤接触引发呼吸道炎症和皮肤炎症,还会对眼睛产生刺激。甲醛能引发过敏,还可诱发癌症。甲醛检测
甲醛具有防腐杀菌性能的原因主要是甲醛能跟构成生物体蛋白质上的氨基发生反应。
甲醛的急性中毒表现为对皮肤、黏膜的刺激作用。吸入高浓度甲醛可导致呼吸道激惹症状,打喷嚏、咳嗽并伴鼻和喉咙的烧灼感;此外,还可诱发支气管哮喘、肺炎、肺水肿。经消化道一次性大量摄入甲醛可引起消化道及全身中毒性症状,口腔、咽喉和消化道的腐蚀性烧伤,腹痛,抽搐、死亡等。皮肤接触甲醛可引起过敏性皮炎 、色斑 、皮肤坏死等病变。 入经口摄入10~ 20mL甲醛溶液可致死 。
甲醛是什么
甲醛,又称蚁醛,是一种有机化合物,化学式是HCHO或CH2O,分子量30.03。是无色有刺激性气体,对人眼、鼻等有刺激作用。易溶于水和乙醇。水溶液的浓度最高可达55%,一般是35%—40%,通常为37%,称作甲醛水,俗称福尔马林。
甲醛具有还原性,尤其在碱性溶液中,还原能力更强。能燃烧,蒸气与空气形成爆炸性混合物,甲醛可由甲醇在银、铜等金属催化下脱氢或氧化制得,也可从烃类的氧化产物中分出。可作为酚醛树脂、脲醛树脂、维纶、乌洛托品、季戊四醇、染料、农药和消毒剂等的原料。
2017年10月27日,世界卫生组织国际癌症研究机构公布的致癌物清单中,甲醛在1类致癌物列表中。2019年7月23日,甲醛被列入有毒有害水污染物名录。
甲醛化学性质十分活泼。在金属或金属氧化物催化作用下,易被还原为甲醇;氧化时可生成甲酸或二氧化碳和水。甲醛为强还原剂,在微量碱性时还原性更强,在空气中能缓慢被氧化成甲酸。
要想有效除醛还需用正确方法,如开窗换气、活性炭吸附、绿植净化等。
就像通风除甲醛是一个简单、实用而且经济有效的方法,这时候只需要将所有门窗打开,可以选择使用落地风扇做辅助,开启摇摆的模式,对准窗口吹风,实现穿堂风,让室内外空气最大效率交换,使得甲醛味道更快散发。
绿植主要是利用植物可以吸收室内空气污染净化室内空气,或采用微生物、酶进行生物氧化、分解。绿植可以用甲醛作为原料进行光合作用,并且成功的把甲醛分解掉。
活性炭净化空气的原理是靠依靠其炭自身发达的孔隙结构和表面积,可以很大程度的接触到周围空气,被动吸附一些污染物到自己的孔隙中。